Editoria - dicembre 2019
Quaderni di Storia della Fisica N. 22 (2019)
È online free to read per 30 giorni e di prossima distribuzione il fascicolo 22 dei Quaderni di Storia della Fisica, supplemento del Giornale di Fisica. In questo fascicolo, una serie di interessanti articoli sulla storia dei fisici italiani, dal XVI al XX secolo, e su particolari tipi di strumenti e tecnologie ideati nel XX secolo:
L'accademia di Padova: nascita, primi sviluppi e grandi svolte (1599-1779 e oltre) di Paolo Maggiolo
Modernità scientifica di Foscarini nel "Trattato della Divinatione Naturale Cosmologica" di Vincenzo Carbone e Luca Parisoli
Il "nuovo Diagometro" di Luigi Palmieri di Rosanna Del Monte e Azzurra Auteri
Dal vapore al trasporto elettrico. I primi esperimenti in Italia agli albori del XX secolo di Miriam Focaccia
Il gravimetro polare di Pontremoli di Leonardo Gariboldi
Emilio Segrè, Enrico Fermi, Bruno Pontecorvo verso l'America di Francesco Guerra e Nadia Robotti
Raoul Gatto, a great Italian scientist and teacher in theoretical elementary particle physics di Giovanni Battimelli, Franco Buccella e Pierpaolo Napolitano
La MWPC compie 50 anni. Ricordi della nascita e del successivo uso in alcuni esperimenti italiani di Fisica Nucleare di Tullio Bressani
La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento Vol. 42 N. 12 (2019)
Acceleration of galactic cosmic rays
P. Blasi
More than a century ago it was discovered that the Earth is bombarded by a penetrating radiation of cosmic origin. We know today that these cosmic rays are mainly charged nuclei with small traces of electrons, positrons, gamma rays and antiprotons, that permeate the Galaxy and the whole universe, to different extents. While the highest energy particles in cosmic rays (of the order of 100 billion GeV) are most likely of extragalactic origin, lower energy particles are originated in our own Galaxy. These energies are orders of magnitude in excess of those that we are able to reach in terrestrial particle accelerators. In this article our current understanding of the microphysical processes responsible for accelerating cosmic rays to their very high energies is reviewed. Much emphasis will be given to the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration and to the plasma instabilities induced by accelerated particles in the shock proximity, which make the acceleration possible. These processes are seen to be at work in the strong shock waves that are generated in the aftermath of gigantic stellar explosions, known as supernovae.
Il Nuovo Cimento Vol. 42 N. 4 (2019)
Papers presented at the "IFAE 2018 - Incontri di Fisica delle Alte Energie", Milan, 4-6 April 2018, edited by D. Menasce, M. Paganoni and D. Pedrini.
This issue is dedicated to the XVII edition of the IFAE meeting (Incontri di Fisica delle Alte Energie), organized by the Milano Bicocca INFN Unit and the Physics Department of the University. In the two talks of the opening session, Sergio Bertolucci (former CERN Director of Research) showed his vision about the future of particle physics and Giovanni Losurdo discussed the recent discovery of the gravitational waves and the future European project, the "Einstein Telescope". The closing talk, by Salvatore Capozziello, was an intriguing presentation on the open problems of General Relativity. The traditional sessions started with the Intensity Frontier session, then the Energy Frontier, the Cosmology and Astroparticles and the New Technologies ones. The meeting lasted three days and almost 70 talks were presented and 23 posters shown. Most of the speakers were PhD students, and this is the main reason for the IFAE annual meeting: to give young physicists the opportunity to show (probably for the first time) their results in a conference.
